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GENDER INEQUALITY IN HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION, ACCUMULATION AND LABOUR MARKET OUTCOME: AN ANALYSIS USING PERIODIC LABOUR FORCE SURVEY
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- GENDER INEQUALITY IN HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION, ACCUMULATION AND LABOUR MARKET OUTCOME: AN ANALYSIS USING PERIODIC LABOUR FORCE SURVEY
Abstract Content (not more than 300 word, should include: Introduction, Objective, Methodology, critical findings & Conclusion):
This study examines gender disparities in India's human capital formation, accumulation, and labor market outcomes, focusing on how societal expectations and cultural practices influence education, skill development, and labour force participation. Social norms, particularly gendered expectations, play a critical role in shaping the human capital investment decisions made by individuals and households, often leading to significant disparities in educational attainment and employment opportunities. Using data from the Periodic Labour Force Survey (2022-23), the present study documents the evidence for gender disparities in human capital accumulation and formation across Indian states. We employ descriptive analysis of gender gaps in educational attainment and skill development, followed by regression analysis to estimate the impact of human capital factors on labour market outcomes. Our findings show that at the national level males outnumber females at higher education levels, particularly in diploma (18.04% vs. 13.49%) and graduate (12.29% vs. 9.36%) categories which is essential to compete in job market. While 97 % females are never attended or not attending any education institute due to responsibility of domestic chores compared to only 3% of males. Adding to it females are also less likely to receive vocational education compared to males. A significant gender gap in labor force participation persists in India: 80.76% of males are in the labour force compared to only 40.07% of females, resulting in a total participation rate of 60.56%. The analysis reveals profound gender disparities in education and labour market participation. Females are notably disadvantaged in educational attainment, with a higher illiteracy rate and lower representation in higher education and technical training compared to males. The study concludes that addressing gender inequality in human capital formation is crucial for improving labor market outcomes for women.
Abstract theme:
In case of not been selected for oral presentation, do you want to be considered for the poster presentation ?:
Yes
Do you require financial support to attend the seminar ? (Not applicable for virtual meet):
Yes-full
Gender:
Female
Evaluation Status:
No