International Institute for Population Sciences
Deemed to be University (An Autonomous Organization of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India)

Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a vital component of women’s health and empowerment, yet it remains a neglected public health issue in India, particularly among rural and socio-economically disadvantaged populations. This study investigates the socio- demographic and economic determinants of hygienic menstrual practices among women aged 15–24, using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–21). The analysis employs ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to examine factors including age, education, wealth, place of residence, religion, caste, employment status, mass media exposure, contraceptive knowledge, and regional differences. Findings reveal that rural residence, low educational attainment, and poverty are strongly associated with lower odds of exclusive use of hygienic menstrual methods. Exposure to mass media and knowledge of modern contraceptive methods are positively associated with better menstrual hygiene practices. Regional disparities are evident, with southern states reporting higher adoption of hygienic practices, whereas several districts in central, northern, and northeastern India lag behind. These results highlight the intersection of socio-economic, cultural, and structural barriers that hinder equitable access to menstrual hygiene products and practices. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions, including improved access to affordable menstrual products, education, and awareness campaigns, particularly in underserved communities. By providing nationally representative evidence, this research contributes to policy formulation aimed at reducing disparities in menstrual health and promoting the dignity, well-being, and empowerment of women across India. Keywords: Menstrual hygiene management, NFHS-5, India, rural health, women’s empowerment, hygienic practices