International Institute for Population Sciences
Deemed to be University (An Autonomous Organization of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India)

This study focuses on the working patterns, composition and characteristics of women migrant workers in Ponda and Salcete Talukas of Goa, a small Indian State along with the challenges faced by these women. It has also emphasized on their accommodation, income levels and social status. The study utilized a mixed-method of quantitative and qualitative data analysis using statistical tools like IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and MS Excel 2019, with correlation analysis. A structured questionnaire cum schedule-based survey was administered to 730 women migrant workers; 350 from Ponda taluka and 380 from Salcete Taluka respectively for deriving data on the variables related to working conditions, earning, accommodation and social treatment. The correlation analysis revealed key relationships between working hours, income, accommodation type and job stability. The results highlighted significant correlations providing insights into employment pattern’s influence on living standards and social interactions. Most of the women are employed in low-wage but high-demand sectors working as domestic help, unskilled or semi-skilled manufacturing workers, housemaids and helpers making up nearly 75% of the studied workforce. A significant portion (88%) worked in temporary or casual jobs, leading to income instability and job insecurity. Despite some earning above Rs. 6000 per month, issues like high rent, poor housing condition and lack of job stability persist. Social relations are generally respectful but excessive working hours correlate with poorer treatment. To improve their living and working conditions, the study recommends welfare policies, insurance coverage, ESI health services, better wages, long term job continuity, subsidized housing scheme and a positive societal outlook towards migrant workers in line with the idealistic national labour welfare frame work. Implementing these measures would enhance their overall well-being to raise self-respect for this workforce.