International Institute for Population Sciences
Deemed to be University (An Autonomous Organization of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India)

India is undergoing a demographic transition, marked by a rapidly growing ageing population, which is projected to constitute nearly one-fifth of the nation’s total by 2050. Against this backdrop, understanding the concept of successful ageing has become increasingly vital for shaping policy for elderly. This paper presents critical review of literature on successful ageing, with particular emphasis on conceptualization, correlates, and cultural relevance within the Indian context. Drawing 15 peer-reviewed studies published between 1994-2023, this review examines various aspects of successful ageing, encompassing physical and cognitive health, social engagement, economic independence, and subjective well-being. The findings reveal that while biomedical models, dominate global discourse, Indian perspectives emphasize familial ties, interdependence, and socio-cultural belonging as core determinants of ageing well. Gender, rural–urban residence, and socioeconomic disparities emerge as significant structural determinants shaping older adults’ opportunities for successful ageing. The review also identifies substantial research gaps concerning nutrition, technological engagement, policy interventions, and the role of emotional well-being, particularly happiness, in influencing ageing trajectories. Furthermore, the study highlights the need to re-conceptualize successful ageing beyond Western frameworks by integrating India’s cultural heterogeneity and social realities. Overall, this paper argues for a multidimensional and contextually grounded understanding of successful ageing in India, one that embraces physical vitality, mental resilience, social connectedness, and economic security as interconnected pillars of later-life well-being. Such an approach can inform inclusive gerontological research and evidence-based policymaking aimed at fostering dignity, independence, and quality of life among India’s older population.