International Institute for Population Sciences
Deemed to be University (An Autonomous Organization of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India)

Introduction: Loneliness is a significant public health concern among older adults, often associated with adverse health outcomes and reduced quality of life. In India, where rapid demographic transitions are reshaping traditional family structures, understanding the relationship between loneliness and quality of life in old age is critical. This study examines the prevalence of loneliness and its association with quality of life among older adults. Methods: This study focuses on 31,902 elderly respondents aged 60 years and above from the LASI data. Loneliness was assessed using self-reported responses to questions about feelings of loneliness. Quality of life was measured using a composite index derived from indicators related to physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and economic security. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between loneliness and quality of life, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates. Results: Approximately 36% of older adults reported feeling lonely, and it increases significantly with age. Loneliness was most frequent among women, those living alone, widows, and those with poor health. Multivariate analysis revealed that loneliness was a strong predictor of lower quality of life (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.89–2.45), even after controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Social participation and frequent interaction with friends or family appeared to buffer the negative effects of loneliness on quality of life. Conclusion: Loneliness is a prevalent and critical determinant of reduced quality of life among older adults in India. As traditional support systems weaken due to urbanization and migration, there is a growing need for community-based interventions and mental health support to address loneliness in ageing population to improve the overall quality of life in later years.