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Labour Market Inequalities in the Context of Demographic Transition
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- Labour Market Inequalities in the Context of Demographic Transition
Abstract Content (not more than 300 word, should include: Introduction, Objective, Methodology, critical findings & Conclusion):
Kerala, widely recognized for its progressive social development indicators, presents a paradox in labour economics: persistently low female labour force participation and pronounced gender-based wage disparities, despite high educational attainment among women (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation [MoSPI], 2024). These disparities are not monolithic but vary across age cohorts, reflecting life-cycle dynamics in workforce entry, sectoral segregation, and labour market exclusion. This study examines age-differentiated gender wage gaps in Kerala using unit-level data from the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2023–24. Employing the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method, the analysis disaggregates wage differentials into explained and unexplained components. The working-age population is segmented into four cohorts 15–29, 30–44, 45–59, and 60+ to assess how wage gaps are influenced by educational attainment, employment type, sectoral distribution, marital status, and geographic location. Using a threefold decomposition framework, the study distinguishes between endowment effects (differences in human capital and job characteristics), coefficient effects (returns to these endowments), and interaction terms. Findings reveal a widening wage gap with age, driven by occupational stratification, informal labour market dynamics, and systemic undervaluation of women’s labour particularly in rural and casual employment segments.
The results highlight the urgency of age-sensitive and gender-responsive labour market policies in Kerala, including targeted skilling initiatives, wage transparency reforms, and incentives for women’s retention in formal sectors. This study offers actionable insights for policymakers, gender economists, and labour rights advocates committed to advancing equitable wage structures through evidence-based interventions
Abstract theme:
In case of not been selected for oral presentation, do you want to be considered for the poster presentation ?:
No
Do you require financial support to attend the seminar ? (Not applicable for virtual meet):
No.
Gender:
Female
Evaluation Status:
No