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Emergence of Low and Lowest Fertility and Fertility Preferences of India
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- Emergence of Low and Lowest Fertility and Fertility Preferences of India
Abstract Content (not more than 300 word, should include: Introduction, Objective, Methodology, critical findings & Conclusion):
Fertility decline is a defining demographic trend of the 21st century, shaping economic and social structures worldwide. India, traditionally characterised by high fertility rates, is now experiencing a dramatic shift, with several states recording below-replacement fertility levels. India is examining the contradictions within its demographic landscape. While some states have successfully transitioned to lower fertility due to urbanisation, increased female education, and access to contraception, others still exhibit high fertility rates, driven by socio-cultural norms, economic constraints, and limited healthcare access. This paradox raises crucial questions about India's future demographic and economic prospects, particularly regarding labour force participation, ageing populations, and policy responses. This study examines the intersectional variations in Total Fertility Rate (TFR) across different socio-economic and demographic groups in India, utilising data from NFHS-1 to NFHS-5. The analysis categorises fertility preferences based on rural-urban residence, caste (SC/ST and Others), economic status (Poor/Rich), educational levels (Educated/Uneducated), and gender preference (Son preference/Daughter preference). The findings reveal significant disparities in fertility rates, with higher TFR observed among poorer, uneducated, and rural populations, particularly among SC/ST groups (Intersectional Group). Additionally, gender preference plays a crucial role, with son preference being more dominant in higher TFR groups, whereas those showing daughter preference exhibit relatively lower fertility rates. The study highlights the ongoing influence of socio-cultural factors on reproductive behaviour in India and emphasises the need for targeted policy interventions to address fertility inequalities. Also, my study shows that there is a significant regional difference in fertility preferences between the north and the south intersectional group.
Abstract theme:
In case of not been selected for oral presentation, do you want to be considered for the poster presentation ?:
Yes
Do you require financial support to attend the seminar ? (Not applicable for virtual meet):
Yes-full
Gender:
Male
Evaluation Status:
No