International Institute for Population Sciences
Deemed to be University (An Autonomous Organization of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India)

Women’s labour force participation (LFP) in India remains among the lowest globally, with significant implications for economic and social development. In the education sector, which employs a substantial portion of the total workforce and is one of the key employers in India, women constitute around 48 % of the employees in organised segments, predominantly in entry-level roles. This study investigates the cultural, institutional, and policy-related barriers that hinder women’s career progression and contribute to low LFP. Using a logistic regression model, we find that cultural barriers reduce LFP odds by 20 % (β1=−0.20, p<0.01), institutional barriers by 25 % (β2=−0.25, p<0.01), and policy barriers by 15 % (β3=−0.15, p<0.05). Higher education increases the likelihood of participation by 35 % (β4 = 0.35, p < 0.01), while urban residence and marital status pose additional challenges. These barriers result in economic losses, including a 30 % productivity gap, alongside social and psychological consequences. Policy reforms, institutional changes, and civil society interventions are recommended to enhance women’s career advancement and LFP in the education sector.